Структурно-функциональные особенности адвербиальных придаточных предложений в языке йемса
https://doi.org/10.24833/2687-0126-2024-6-4-103-125
Аннотация
Yemsa, an Omotic language spoken in Ethiopia, has received limited attention in linguistic research, particularly with regard to its adverbial clauses. The lack of a comprehensive description of Yemsa’s adverbial clauses hinders our understanding of the language’s structure and its place in the Afroasiatic language family. This study aims to provide a detailed analysis of the structure and function of adverbial clauses in Yemsa, exploring their forms, functions, and subordinate markers. The research is based on a corpus of spoken and written Yemsa data, collected through fieldwork and supplemented by existing literature. A descriptive approach is employed to analyze the data, focusing on the morphological and syntactic properties of adverbial clauses. The study reveals that Yemsa adverbial clauses exhibit a range of characteristics, including dependent-person suffixes, temporal markers, and bound morphemes that connect them to main clauses. The analysis identifies five types of adverbial clauses in Yemsa: temporal, locative, manner, reason, and purpose. The findings also show that Yemsa treats aspects in adverbial clauses similarly to main clauses, with the perfective aspect remaining unmarked and the imperfective aspect marked. This research contributes significantly to our knowledge of Yemsa and the Omotic language family, providing new information about the structure and function of adverbial clauses, which is valuable for developing linguistic pedagogical materials for Yemsa. The study’s results have implications for linguistic theory, language pedagogy, and language documentation, highlighting the importance of descriptive research on understudied languages. The study’s methodology and findings can serve as a model for future research on other languages, promoting a more comprehensive understanding of linguistic diversity and complexity.
Об авторах
М. Асрат
Addis Ababa University
Эфиопия
Эфиопия
Г. Менгисту
Addis Ababa University
Эфиопия
Эфиопия
Э. Ассефа
Addis Ababa University
Эфиопия
Эфиопия
Список литературы
1. Aarts, B. (2006). Subordination. In K. Brown (Ed.), Encyclopedia of language and linguistics, vol. 12, 2nd ed. (pp. 248-254). Oxford: Elsevier.
2. Adger, D., & Tsoulas, G. (2004). Circumstantial adverbs and aspect. In J.R. Austin, S. Engelberg, & G. Rauh (Eds.), Adverbials: The interplay between meaning, context, and syntactic structure (pp. 45-66). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
3. Ahland, M.B. (2012). A grammar of Northern Mao (Màwés Aas’è) [Doctoral dissertation, the University of Oregon].
4. Amha, Azeb. (2001). The Maale language [Doctoral dissertation, University of Leiden].
5. Amha, Azeb. (2017). The Omotic language family. In A. Y. Aikhenvald & R. M. W. Dixon (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of linguistic typology (pp. 815-853). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781316135716.026
6. Androutsopoulos, I. (2002). Exploring time, tense and aspect in natural language database interfaces. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
7. Austin, J.R., Engelberg, S., & Rauh, G. (2004). Current issues in the syntax and semantics of adverbials. In J. R. Austin, S. Engelberg, & G. Rauh (Eds.), Adverbials: The interplay between meaning, context, and syntactic structure (pp. 1-44). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
8. Bender, M.L. (2000). Comparative morphology of the Omotic languages. Lincom Europa.
9. Blake, N.F. (1988). Traditional English grammar and beyond. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd.
10. Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia. (2007). The 2007 Ethiopia Population and Housing Census. Addis Ababa: CSA. http://www.statsethiopia.gov.et/
11. Comire, B. (2008). Subordination, coordination: Form, semantics, pragmatics. In E. Vajda (Ed.), Subordination and coordination strategies in North Asian languages (pp. 1-16). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.300.03com
12. Cristofaro, S. (2005a). Subordination. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13. Cristofaro, S. (2005b). Purpose clauses. In M. Haspelmath, M.S. Dryer, D. Gil, & B. Comrie (Eds.), The world atlas of language structures (pp. 506-509). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
14. Cristofaro, S. (2005c). When clauses. In M. Haspelmath, M.S. Dryer, D. Gil, & B. Comrie (Eds.), The world atlas of language structures (pp. 510-513). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
15. Cristofaro, S. (2014). Is there really a syntactic category of subordination? In L. Visapää, J. Kalliokoski, & H. Sorva (Eds.), Contexts of subordination: Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives (pp. 73–91). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/pbns.249.03cri
16. Cristofaro, S. (2016). Subordination in cross-linguistic perspective. https://llacan.cnrs.fr/labexGD2/fichiers/Sonia_Cristofaro.pdf
17. Croft, W. (2012). Verbs: Aspect and Causal Structure. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199248582.001.0001
18. Das, P. (2008). Applied English Grammar and Composition. Calcutta: Kala Chand Dey.
19. Derib Ado. (2004). The structure of noun phrase in Yem [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Addis Ababa University.
20. Diessel, H. (2001). The ordering distribution of main and adverbial clauses: a typological study. Language, 77(3), 433-455. doi:10.1353/lan.2001.0152
21. Diessel, H. (2008). Iconicity of sequence:Acorpus-based analysis of the positioning of temporal adverbial clauses in English. Cognitive Linguistics, 19(3), 465-490. https://doi.org/10.1515/COGL.2008.018
22. Diessel, H. (2013). Adverbial subordination. In S. Luraghi & C. Parodi (Eds.), Bloomsbury Companion to Syntax (pp. 341-354). London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
23. Diessel, H. (2019). Preposed adverbial clauses: Functional adaptation and diachronic inheritance. In K. Schmidtke-Bode, N. Levshina, S. M. Michaelis, & I. A. Seržant (Eds.), Explanation in typology: Diachronic sources, functional motivations and the nature of the evidence (pp. 97–122). Berlin: Language Science Press. doi:10.5281/zenodo.2583812
24. Diessel, H., & Hetterle, K. (2011). Causal clauses: A cross-linguistic investigation of their structure, meaning, and use. In P. Siemund (Ed.), Linguistic universals and language variation (pp. 21−52). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi:10.13140/2.1.4200.8968
25. Diessel, H., (2005). Competing motivations for the ordering of main and adverbial clauses. Linguistics, 43(3), 449-470. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.2005.43.3.449
26. Dixon, R.M.W. (2009). The semantics of clause linking in typological perspective. In R.M.W. Dixon & A.Y. Aikhenvald (Eds.), The semantics of clause linking: A cross-linguistic typology (pp. 1-55). Oxford: OUP. doi:10.1093/oso/9780199567225.001.0001
27. Dryer, M.S. (1991). SVO languages and the OV: VO typology. Linguistics, 27, 443-482.
28. Dryer, M.S. (1992). The Greenbergian word order correlations. Language, 68(1), 81-138.
29. Dryer, M.S. (1997). On the six-way word order typology. Studies in Language, 21(1), 69-103.
30. Dryer, M.S. (2005). Order of adverbial subordinator and clause. https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~dryer/DryerWalsAdvSubNoMap.pdf
31. Ernst, T. (2004). Domain adverbs and the syntax of adjuncts. In J.R. Austin, S. Engelberg, & G. Rauh (Eds.), Adverbials: The interplay between meaning, context, and syntactic structure (pp. 103-129). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/la.70.05ern
32. Getachew Fulle (2003). Yem. In D. Freeman & A. Pankhurst (Eds.), Peripheral people: the excluded minorities of Ethiopia (pp. 45-60). Addis Ababa University Press.
33. Givón, T. (2001). Syntax: An Introduction. Volume 1. John Benjamins Publishing Company. doi: https://doi.org/10.1075/z.syn1
34. Häcker, M. (1999). Adverbial Clauses in Scots: A Semantic/Syntactic Study. Mouton de Gruyter: Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110803822
35. Haegeman, L. (2012). Adverbial clauses, main clause phenomena, and the composition of the left periphery: The cartography of syntactic structures, Volume 8. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858774.001.0001
36. Haiman, J., & Thompson, S.A. (1984). “Subordination” in universal grammar. Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 10, 510–523. doi:10.3765/bls.v10i0.1973
37. Haspelmath, M. (1997). From space to time: Temporal adverbials in the world’s languages. München: Lincom Europa.
38. Hasselgård, H. (2010). Adjunct adverbials in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511676253
39. Hellenthal, A. (2010). A grammar of Sheko [Doctoral Thesis, Leiden University]. Utrecht: LOT.
40. Hellenthal, A.-Ch. (2009). The morphology of adverbial clauses in Sheko. In M. Matondo, F.M. Laughlin, & E. Potsdam (Eds.), Selected Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on African Linguistics (pp. 118-127). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. https://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/38/paper2140.pdf
41. Hengeveld, K. (2020). Adverbs. https://keeshengeveld.nl/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2023hengeveld.pdf
42. Hetterle, K. (2015). Adverbial clauses in cross-linguistic perspective. Berlin, München, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110409857
43. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139084628
44. Kortmann, B. (1997). Adverbial subordination: A typology and history of adverbial subordinators based on European languages. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110812428
45. Kroeger, P.R. (2005). Analyzing Grammar: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511801679
46. Lehmann, C. (1988). Towards a typology of clause linkage. In J. Haiman & S.A. Thompson (Eds.), Clause combining in grammar and discourse (pp. 181-225). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. doi:10.1075/tsl.18.09leh
47. Lin, Jingxia. (2015). Adverbial Clauses. In James D. Wright (ed.), International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences (pp. 185-188). Oxford: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.52029-7
48. Longacre, R.E. (2007). Sentences as combinations of clauses. In T. Shopen (Ed.), Language typology and syntactic description, Volume II: complex constructions. Second Edition (pp. 372-420). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511619434.007
49. Maienborn, C., & Schäfer, M. (2011). Adverbs and adverbials. In K.V. Heusinger, C. Maienborn, & P. Portner (Eds.), Semantics: An international handbook of natural language meaning (Volume 2), (pp. 1390–1420). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110626391-014
50. Munro, P. (2013). Word Order. In S. Luraghi & C. Parodi (Eds.), The Bloomsbury Companion to Syntax, (pp. 118-142). London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
51. Palmer, F.R. (2001). Mood and Modality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139167178
52. Payne, T.E. (1997). Describing the morphosyntax: A guide for field linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
53. Payne, T.E. (2006). Exploring Language Structure. A Student’s Guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511806483
54. Podlesskaya, V.I. (2001). Conditional constructions. In M. Haspelmath, E. König, W. Oesterreicher & W. Raible (Eds.), Language typology and language universals: An international handbook, Volume 2 (pp. 998-1010). Berlin: Walter De Gruyter.
55. Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J. (1985). A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (2nd ed.). Longman Inc.
56. Rönnerdal, G. (2017). Temporal Subordinators and Clauses in Early Modern English. Stability and Change [Doctoral dissertation, Uppsala University].
57. Sæbø, K.J. (2011). Adverbial clauses. In K. von Heusinger, C. Maienborn & P. Portner (Eds.), Semantics. An International Handbook of Natural Language Meaning. Volume 2 (pp. 1420-1441). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
58. Schmidtke-Bode, K. (2009). A Typology of Purpose Clauses. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.88
59. Schmidtke-Bode, K., & Diessel, H. (2021). The typology of relative and adverbial clauses. https://kschmidtkebode.de/Schmidtke-Bode%20and%20Diessel%202023_Extended%20version.pdf
60. Thompson, S.A., Longacre, R.E., & Hwang, S.JA.J. (2007). Adverbial clauses. In T. Shopen (Ed.), Language typology and syntactic description, Volume 2: Complex Constructions. Second Edition (pp. 237-300). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
61. Treis, Y. (2008). Relativization in Kambaata from a typological point of view. In Z. Frajzyngier & E. Shay (Eds.), Interaction of morphology and syntax: Case studies in Afroasiatic (pp.161-206). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
62. van Gelderen, E. (2012). Clause Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
63. van Lier, E.H. (2009). Parts of speech and dependent clauses: a typological study [Thesis, fully internal, Universiteit van Amsterdam]. LOT: The Netherlands.
64. van Valin, R. D. (2004). An Introduction to Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139164320
65. Verstraete, J.-C. (2004). Initial and final position of adverbial clauses in English: The constructional basis of the discursive and syntactic differences. Linguistics, 42 (4), 819-853. doi:10.1515/ling.2004.027
66. Verstraete, J.-C. (2007). Rethinking the coordinate-subordinate dichotomy. Interpersonal grammar and the analysis of adverbial clauses in English. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110918199
67. Verstraete, J-C. (2008). The status of purpose, reason, and intended endpoint in the typology of complex sentences: Implications for layered models of clause structure. Linguistics 46 (4), 757–788. doi: 10.1515/LING.2008.025
68. Yilma, A. (1992). The linguistic etiquette of Yemsa. Journal of Ethiopian Studies, 25, 1-14. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41966001
69. Zaugg-Coretti, S. (2013). The verbal system of Yemsa (Omotic language of Ethiopia) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Zurich]. Zurich Open Repository and Archive. https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-87425
Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Асрат М., Менгисту Г., Ассефа Э. Структурно-функциональные особенности адвербиальных придаточных предложений в языке йемса. Дискурс профессиональной коммуникации. 2024;6(4):103-125. https://doi.org/10.24833/2687-0126-2024-6-4-103-125
For citation:
Asrat M., Mengistu G., Assefa E. The Structure and Function of Yemsa Adverbial Clauses: Empirical Study. Professional Discourse & Communication. 2024;6(4):103-125. https://doi.org/10.24833/2687-0126-2024-6-4-103-125
Послать статью по эл. почте 