The present paper is devoted to the phenomenon of codification and the main inconsistencies between the theoretical requirements for a term and actual terminological units found in terminological dictionaries of law. The paper presents the analysis of terms used in the legal sphere. The objective of the research is to identify and classify the inconsistencies that have a direct impact on codification as the last stage of the creation of a terminological dictionary. Particular attention is paid to the study of the content plane of legal terms listed in English terminological dictionaries as well as their expression plane. The authors conclude that at both levels (those of the content plane and the expression plane) and at the level of functioning the inconsist- encies raise important issues concerning further development of both terminography as a field of science and the dictionary-making process taking place today.

In the modern world, economic activity in general and financial activity in particular play an important role. The study of the stock market terminology, which has always remained quite closed, and has recently started to penetrate into our lives more actively through the media, proves necessary for those who need to navigate the flow of essential information and become a successful player in the financial market.

The purpose of the article is to trace the emergence and development of stock exchange vocabulary over the past decades. The goal is to solve the following tasks: to clarify the origin of the stock market terms and to identify the systemic relations in the exchange lexicon. The paper analyzes the main ways of term formation in the Spanish language of the stock market. The stock exchange language does not have special methods for creating specific terms. The analysis of stock terms shows that the stock exchange vocabulary is a hybrid of terms borrowed from other special languages (professional jargon of economic, financial and trading activities), standard language and foreign languages. A word from general language, used in the stock exchange dis- course, can be interpreted in the right way only when the semantic and deductive features are taken into account. The oral nature of the stock exchange lexicon determines its dependence on extralinguistic factors.

The article explores the phenomenon of semantic compression in small format metatexts within the contemporary English scientific discourse. Abstracts to scientific articles from international citation databases, in particular those of Scopus and Web of Science, are analysed with the aim of eliciting ways of semantic compression. The latter is viewed as a key parameter of a scientific abstract, whose semantic quality is the main factor responsible for further integration of the research results into the global knowledge pool. It is presumed that an abstract, being a secondary small-format text, represents an exact semantic copy of the original scientific article, hence compression is viewed as a mechanism of redistributing the functional load of the eliminated units of the original by means of increasing the informative potential of the remaining elements within the secondary small-format text. In the process of pragma-semantic and discourse analysis, a specific complex of semantic compression methods is revealed on every level of scientific abstract organization; in particular, compression means are elicited on the structural and semantic textual levels, as well as on the morphological, lexical, syntactic and graphical ones. The revealed patterns, on the one hand, expand our understanding of compression mechanisms typical of small-format texts in general; on the other hand, the practical data obtained as a result of the analysis can be used by a wide range of researchers while writing abstracts in English for publications in high-ranking international scientific journals.

This study aims to describe the maintenance of the Gorontalo language in the workplace by Gorontalo speakers. To carry out qualitative research we collected data through interviews, observations and field records, and then analysed it employing Spradley’s model (used in ethnography). The research reveals that: (1) the Gorontalo language is used in the work interactions between all employees, or between employees and customers who are fluent in the Gorontalo language; customers will start conversations using the Gorontalo language if they have close relationships with their interlocutors; (2) the attitudes of the speakers who actively use the Gorontalo Language in the workplace towards the language under discussion can be positive and negative depending on the backgrounds of the speakers; (3) the factors that affect Gorontalo language preservation can be classified into two groups: factors from the outside of the community, including changes in the composition of multi-ethnic society and the exposure to global information, and factors from within the community, such as the lack of public awareness of the urgency to maintain the Gorontalo Language as the local pride.

The paper deals with the peculiarities of the German-language pedagogical discourse, in particular teachers’ oral speech. Pedagogical discourse as a type of institutional discourse is characterised by a pronounced cultural component related to the differences in educational systems, traditions and modern practices of communicative interaction between teachers and students. The aim of the study is to analyse teachers’ evaluative and facilitative strategies which are implemented in the speech acts of criticism and praise. The examples under review are borrowed from German-language speech resources that teachers in German schools are recommended to use in class. To thematically differentiate between the objects of praise and criticism of students the article is based on contextual analysis, which helps to describe the speech acts of praise and censure, using the procedure of detecting teachers’ intention. The analysis of the grammatical and syntactic construction of the utterances makes it possible to determine the linguistic means of implementing praise and criticism in the German-language teacher discourse and to identify the corpus of linguistic means whose main function is to increase or decrease the semantic and emotional significance of the utterance components.

The paper studies two types of indirect (secondary) nomination: simulative and indicative ones, exemplified by extracts from English coursebooks on economics. The similative nomination is actualised through functional transfer, which is interpreted as a separate kind of metaphor termed “actional metaphor”. The analysis of indicative nomination is focused on metonymy and synecdoche (as its closely related device), which is conditioned by the same transfer principle on the basis of an essential attribute. The semantic derivates are considered in sentences representing such logic thought form as definition, which allows to reveal the metaphoric and metonymic processes in the field of English economic terminology.
The research discloses the interrelations between the analysed term models and their functions as designators for target and source domains on the one hand, and cognitive metaphor types (ontological and conceptual), on the other hand. The author comes to the conclusion that both types can have either simple or complicated structure. Similarly, there are simple and complicated metonymies. These phenomena make the peculiarities of the given economic discourse when considered from the angle of semantic derivation. The tendency to the uniform secondary semiotic code in term metaphor description can be viewed as another valid peculiarity of economic discourse.
With regard to the indicative secondary nomination, the main findings are as follows: the metonymic lexis is organized as a chain opposition: terms and nomens – terms – terms and common lexis – common lexis. The mechanism of forming “mixed” kinds of the indirect nomination, i.e. metaphtonymy and synecdoche-metonymy, is revealed in the course of the context analysis. This leads the author to a hypothetical argument that it is the actional metaphor that underlies these mixed types of semantic derivatives.
Both types of the secondary nomination have a systemic nature: metaphor is described in other system units; metonymies have field structure and are actualised through specific oppositions.

The article considers the use of the Zoom platform in distance learning of a foreign language. The aim of the study is to consider the possibilities of using Zoom in distance learning of a foreign language. The research methods include the analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the research topic, the analysis of Zoom tools for the implementation of the possibilities of distance learning of a foreign language. The article explains the high demand for remote and online technologies and defines the criteria for choosing effective technologies for remote and online lessons. The research also considers the benefits of Zoom in the process of learning a foreign language and different types of tasks and their implementation via Zoom. The problems faced by teachers and students in the process of using online technologies in distance learning are identified. The article describes the possibility of interactive communication with students assigned to analyze a piece of fiction and offers a system of exercises which can be done using Zoom. It is proven that the use of the Zoom platform in teaching a foreign language employs different tools which make it possible to increase the effectiveness of language training and the development of students’ educational and cognitive abilities.

The paper deals with the results of the “Linguistics of distancing” conference held on January 25-26, 2021. Within the framework of the conference the issues of ontology and evolution of language in the time of civilizational shift triggered by the pandemic were discussed. In unparalleled times of global coronavirus epidemic, the conference was organized in a unique format – blog conference, with personal communication embedded in its structure regardless of its being still a remote conference. The questions raised in plenary talks and zoom tables stepped beyond the borderlines of actual communication, igniting further discussions on Facebook, YouTube and other platforms. This open format made it not a usual conference but an unprecedented feast of intellectual pleasure, potentially leaving a longer legacy in the academic world.